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Wednesday, September 26, 2012

Vikramorvaseeyam by Kavikula Guru Sri Kalidasa -2




















Vikramorvaseeyam
by Kavikula Guru
Sri Kalidasa


translated by

EDWARD BYLES COWELL,



 
Vikramorvaseeyam
by Kavikula Guru
Sri Kalidasa 


translated by

EDWARD BYLES COWELL,


ACT II.
Enter the G k a c i o s o.
GEACIOSO.
[Flurriedly.
Away, O inviter! In this concourse of people I cannot
restrain my tongue, with this secret of the king's swelling
in my mouth like an oblation of boiled rice. While,
therefore, the King is gone to the judgment-seat, I will
go up to yonder temple, away from the press of the throng,
and wait there. {He walks round, and sits down, covering
his mouth with his hands.)
Enter a Femalb Seevant.
FEMALE SERVANT.
This is the command which I have received from my
lady . the daughter of the King of Kds'i, " My faithful
Nipunikd," she said, "ever since the King returned from
visiting the Sun, he has seemed as if he had left his heart
behind him; do thou, therefore, try and learn from the
venerable Mdnavaka the real cause of his sadness." Now,
in what way should I put the question to the BrShman?
I will venture a guess that the King's secret, like the
hoar-frost on a blade of grass, will not long stay with him
;
I will therefore, forthwith, go and seek him. {She walks
round and sees him.) But, strange to say ! there, I declare
OK, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH, 17
Mfinavaka is standing, hiding himself in yonder corner, like
an ape in a picture, and deep in thought on something or
other. I will go up to him. (^She approaches.) I salute
thee, reverend Sir !
GEAOIOSO.
I return thy greeting. {Aside.) The moment that I
look on this odious maid, the King's secret begins bursting
my heart, and well nigh forces its way out ! {Aloud,
partly covering his mouth ) Oh, NipunikS, ! whither art thou
going ? thus leaving thy music-practice.
SERVANT.
To visit your reverend self, on an especial commission
from the Queen.
GEAOIOSO.
What may be her Highness's commands ?
SERVANT.
" O reverend Brahman ! " she says, " there is a great
lack of kindness in thy conduct towards me ; thou regardest
me not in my present anxiety."
GEAOIOSO.
Oh, Nipunikd ! has any ojBFence been committed by my
my beloved friend ?
SERVANT.
You know the woman for whom he sorrows ; he has
actually addressed the Queen by her name.
GRAOIOSO.
[7b himself.
What ! my friend, then, has himself revealed the secret
!
How then can a Br4hman like me hold his tongue any
D
18 VIKEAMORVASI;
longer ? {Aloud.) Ah ! you mean the noble nymph Urvasi;
since he became mad from the sight of her, the Queen is
not the only person whom he hath distressed,
me too, a
Brahman, he hath most grievously afflicted by rigorously
keeping me away from all food
!
SBBVANT.
[Aside.
I have attained my end, and broken open my Lord's
impregnable secret; I will go at once and tell it to her
Highness. {She begins to retire.)
GBACIOSO.
Oh Nipunikd ! I beseech thee bear this message of mine
to the daughter of the King of K4s'i ; tell her, " I am utterly
wearied with endeavouring to turn my loved friend, from
following this deceitful mirage ; but if he can only behold
your highness'B lotus face, I am sure he will be efifectually
won back."
SEEVANT.
As you command, sir.
[Exit.
The Bard proclaims behind the scenes
:
May the King be ever victorious ! dispelling to the
ends of the earth all darkness from thy people ;—
the energy of thy power and that of the sun's,
seem alike in our eyes. The Lord of the stars
stands alone for a moment in the midst of the
sky ; and thou, too, O King ! takest thy rest in this
sixth portion of the day !
OR, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 19
GBAOIOSO.
[Listening.
My loved friend has risen from the judgment-seat; and
in very truth here he comes ; I will, therefore, attend at his
side.
\_Exit.
(end op the phavesaka.)
Enter ths King, oppressed with melancholy,
followed by the Geacioso.
KING.
That beauty of the world of the Immortals hath entered
at first sight into my heart, the way being opened by the
irresistible arrow of Kdma.
GEACIOSO.
Yes ! and the daughter of the King of Kfts'i seems, in
truth, to take it much to heart.
KING.
\_Looking Jixedly at him.
Will you tell me how the secret got abroad ?
GBAOIOSO. r ^ -,
[Aside.
I have been tricked by that daughter of a slave,
Nipunikk ; otherwise, why should my friend ask this
question ?
KING.
Why do you stand thus silent ?
GBAOIOSO.
Verily my tongue was tied so fast that I could not even
make it answer the King.
20 VIKKAMOBVASI;
KING.
It is well;—with what shall I now try to divert myself?
GEAOIOSO.
Oh ! let us go into the kitchen.
KING.
And what shall we do there ?
QBACIOSO.
Let the enjoyment of the five kinds of viands, with the
choicest delicacies, gladden your melancholy with sweetmeats,
candied sugar, and cakes.
KING.
You, indeed, will be happy there with the various forms
of your favourite dishes ; but how should I be gladdened,
who only seek the unattainable ?
GEACIOSO.
You have crossed, I tell you, the path of the lady
Urvas'i's vision.
KING.
What then ?
GBACIOSO.
I expect that you will not find her so very unattainable.
KING.
The equal of her beauty must needs be superhuman.
GBAOIOSO.
You rouse my curiosity ! What matters the lady Urvas'i's
beauty ? I am sure I am considered second after her !
KING.
I have never yet described her limb by limb ; hear it in
a few words.
GBAOIOBO.
I am all attention.
OB, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 21
KING.
Oh ! my friend ! her form is the ornament of ornaments ;
itself adds the grace to all lovely decorations, and it mocks
the similitude of all comparisons.
GEACIOSO.
Well ! well ! you embrace this exquisite beauty in your
quicksilver-chase, only as the thirsty Chdtaka follows the
mirage.
KING.
Oh ! my friend ! cool retreats* are the only refuge for my
fevered soul ;—lead the way at once to the pleasure-garden.
SKACIOSO.
What's to be done ?—This is the way ; lo ! here is the
pleasure-garden's enclosure. {They walk round). See, too,
without waiting for your command, the south wind has
hastened hither "to welcome you.f
KING.
Well-suited, indeed, is the character of the breeze. Lo
!
here it comes, dropping on its way the beauty of the Spring,
and making the twining jasmine play ; it seems to me like
a lover, from the union of affection and kindness.
GEAOIOSO.
May it be like you in constancy ! Will your highness
enter the garden ?
* JUterally, " cold appliances."
t I have here followed the reading ^TW (prakrit for ^^^1*5)
instead of ^Telrf, which Lenz found in all the MSS. See his
Apparatus Critimts, p. 12.
22 VIKRAMOB,VAgl'i
KING.
Enter thou first, my friend.
{They enter.
KING.
[ Tremhling.
Alas ! my friend ! I thought that I should heal my
melancholy, if I strolled into the garden ; but far otherwise
is it proved by the event. This fair enclosure, after all,
yields no rest, though I longed to enter it ; like the great
wave that stops the traveller's swimming, while he is carried
away by the stream.*
GB.ACI080.
How so ?
KING.
The god with the five arrows had even before this too
deeply wounded my heart, and in vain I strove to repress
its fond desires after the unattainable ; but how much
deeper now is the wound, when I see the young branches
put forth by the Mangoes whose pale leaves are torn by
the wind that blows fresh from Malaya ?
G£ACIOSO.
Let your highness cease these complaints ; ere long the
god of love will be your friend, and will guide you to the
attainment of your desires.
KING.
I accept the good omen from the Br&hman's lips.
[ They walk round.
* The Scholiast (Lenz App. Crit.J explains pratipataranam, by
pratikiilaplavanam.
OB, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 23
GBA0IO8O.
Only look, I beseech you, at the beauty of the garden,
with the Avatdr of spring revealed.
KING.
I am looking at it at every step. Lo ! yonder, in front
of us, is the Kuruvaka-blossom, pink like a woman's
nails, and dark at either edge ; and there the young
As'oka-blossom, looking up as it opens, ever ready to be
won by proffered caresses. And yonder hangs the fresh
branch of the Amra tree, with its sprays brown with the
yet scanty pollen of its flowers ; O ! my friend ! how
the Spring stands between Beauty and Youth as its
companions !
GEACI080.
See ! this bower of MSdhavi creepers, with its seat of
black stone, and its blossoms all covered with swarms of
bees, seems made of its own accord for your service ; let it
receive your favour.
KING.
As you please.
{They sit down.
GBAOIOSO.
Here, then seated on such a seat, O King ! let your eyes
seek the lovely creeping plants, and smile away your desires
after Urvas/i.
KING.
[Sighing deeply.
O ! my friend ! even in yon creepers of the garden, with
their lovely branches and all their profusion of blossoms,
24 VIKRAMORVASI
;
the eye cannot find its rest, which languishes from the sight
of that maiden ! O ! think of some remedy for this !
GEACIOSO.
[ Considering.
Well ! I am thinking ; but do not again, I pray you,
break the thread of my thoughts by your complainings.
{Making a sudden motion to himself). Ah ! I see what is
to be done !
KING.
That maiden with a face bright like the full moon, is,
alas ! far beyond my reach ;—what, then, means this sudden
portent, which KSma works within me ? My heart in a
moment hath attained serenity, as though the bliss, which
it sighs for, were really present before it.
\He sits lost in a love reverie.
Atthismoment enter, aloftinthe air, Ubta'si and Chitealekha.
CHITEAIiEKHaT
Dear Urvas'i ! whither are you going, without mentioning
the reason of your journey ?
uevas'l
[ With an expression oflove-sorrow, mingled with shame.
Dear friend ! when I said to you, on the peak of
Hemakdta, " O ! release my garland, which is entanged in
the branch of a creeper," you smiled as you answered, " It
is, indeed, firmly held, and it cannot be unloosed !"' and do
you ask me now whither I am going without mentioning the
reason of my journey ?
OR. THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 25
OHITEALBKHi.
Are you then, indeed, set out to visit the holy king,
Pururavas ?
UEVASL
This is, indeed, my purpose,—disregarding all the misgivings
of shame.
chitealekhaT
But whom has my dear Urvas'i sent before her.
UEVAsir
Whom, indeed—but my heart ?
OHITEALEKlfA.
Yet even now, pause awhile and consider.
uevas'l
Love truly orders me forward,—how can I then stay
to consider?
OHITEALBKHA.-
Then I can say nothing more.
uevas'l
Dear friend ! pray then shew me the path, by which I
shall meet no hindrance in my going thither.
chitealekh£
Be of good cheer ;—the holy preceptor of the Gods has
taught us the speU called Invincible, of " binding the braid."
With this we are rendered safe from any of the enemies of
the Gods.
26 VIKRAMORVAsf;
URVASir
All this my heart knows well, and yet still I stand
irresolute in my excessive fear.
[^Both fy onwards.
OHITBALEKHA.
Look, dear Urvas'i ! look here !—we are come to the
Palace of the holy King, which rises like a crest over the
city Fratishthina, as it stands viewing its reflected image in
the pure waters of Gang&, at their meeting with Yamun4.
UEVASI,
\Wiih longing looks.
Oh ! it may be truly said that heaven itself seems to
have entered this spot. Oh ! my friend, where is that
compassionator of the distressed ?
ohitsalekeX.
We shall know if we alight in this fair garden, which
seems like some glade of the groves of Nandana.
\_They both descend.
ohitb;alekha.
Lo ! yonder, dearest, he stands awaiting thee, like the
newly-risen Moon, the Moonlight.*
* This distinctive personification of the Moon and its light is not
unfrequent. Thus (Gorresio's EAmayana, vol. iii., p. 273) EAma says
,'that his wife SitA had left him as the splendour leaves the Sun,
when it sinks in theWest."
OR, THB HERO AND THE NYMPH. 27
UEVA^L
Oh, my friend ! the great King seems still dearer to
look upon than even when first I saw him.
OHITEALEKHA.
It should be so,—come, then, let us approach him.
UEVASI.''
I will not approach him yet. I will first conceal myself
in my veil,* and stand by his side, and listen to what he
is deliberating upon with his bosom friend, in this solitary
place.
OHITEALEKHA.
As you please.
{They do so.
GBAOIOSO.
[To the King.
Oh' at last I have discovered a plan for thy meeting
with this object of thy love, though she be so hard to
be won.
TTEVA^
\To Chitealekha.
Alas ! who may this happy woman be, who knows the
joy to be wooed by him ?
OHITEALEKHA.
Why do you hesitate to discover the secret by your
divine faculty of Meditation ?
UETABL
Alas ! I fear to know it too quickly by my power.
* Velo, quo me mvisiUlem reddo—Lbnz.
28 vikbamorvaSi!
geacioso. ^„ , „
[To the King.
Yes, I repeat it. I have discovered a plan for thy
meeting with this difficult object.
KING.
Speak it forth, my friend.
GBACIOSO.
Let your highness be an assiduous votary of Sleep, for
it is Sleep who brings lovers together in its dreams : or
paint an image of the lady Urvas'i in a picture, and solace
thy heart to its fill with gazing on it.
UBVA^I.
[Aside.
Beat freely again, O my heart
!
KING.
Both your plans are alike failures ; only look,—^this
heart of mine is pierced through with the arrows of Kima;
how then can I find that sleep which would bring me her
presence in its dreams ? Nor even if I obtained in a
picture my beloved of the beautiful countenance, would the
tear-fioods stop, O my friend ! which mil rise in my eyes.
ohitbalekhI
[To Uktasi.
Dearest ! do you hear these words ?
UEVASL
I hear them, but they are still not enough for my heart.
OSAOIOSO.
[To Me King.
Well ; no further reaches my ingenuity
!
OB, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 29
KING.
[Sighing.
She, who knows not the deep anguish of the sickness
of my heart, despises my poor love, which her divine
insight reads, O Kdma ! with thy five arrows, I thank
thee, fare thou bravely, for thus raising in my soul this hope
of her presence, which has withered ere it could bear its
fruit !*
TTBVASf
\_LooMng at her companion.
For shame ! does the great King thus divine my thoughts ?
Again do I feel unable to stand before him, and reveal
myself;—I will, therefore, write a line on this birch-leaf,
which my power hath created for the occasion, and I wUl
fling it in his way.
CHITBALEEHA.
I cordially approve your plan.
[Uevasi writes, and throws it on the grornid.
GBAOIOSO.
Wonderful ! oh, heavens ! what can this be ? Some
snake's cast-off skin fallen on me to eat me up ?
KING.
\Lo6king.
No snake's cast-off skin is this,—these are letters that
are written on the birch-leaf.
* I have followed Lenz in interpreting this as ironical, but I have
been obliged rather to expand it, to express the meaning.
30 VIKEAMOaVASI
;
OKAOIOSO.
Can the lady Urvas'i, unseen by us, have heard your
Highness' complaints, and written these letters on the birchleaf,
and flung it there, to testify her great love ?
KING.
Nothing is impossible to the heavenly powers. (He
joyfully seizes and reads it.) Oh, my friend ! thy conjecture
has come true
!
GBACIOSO.
I long to hear what is written there
!
TJBVASl.
\_As^,
Bravo ! my worthy friend,—I admire your shrewdness.
KING.
Hear then.
\_H.e reads.
" O my lord ! as thou didst think of me, that I was
ignorant of thy sorrow, so did I think of thee, who didst
love me ; and to me there hath been ever since no joy, as I
rested on my couch of the sweet flowers of the coral-tree
;
and the very winds, as they blow through the groves of
Nandana, to my fevered frame seem like fire."
UEVASI.
[To Chitralekha-
"What does he say now ?
CHITBALEKHA.
What, indeed, should he say, with his limbs thus faded,
like the stalk of a lotus ?
OR, THE HBRO AND THE NYMPH. 31
GBACIOSO.
Joy ! your Highness' solace is like the initiatory rite at
a sacrifice to me, when I am hungry.
KING.
Oh ! why dost thou call it but a solace ? Only look,
this leaf-borne declaration of my adored one, this messenger
of her responding love, and pledge of the most desired
possession, is as though my face, with open eyelids, were
close to her's, with those eyes bright like wine
!
UEVASL
[_Aside.
Here, indeed, our souls agree !
KING.
Ah, my friend, these letters are fading from the moisture
of my hand,—take and hold my loved one's pledge in thine.
GEAOIOSO.
What matters it ? The lady Urvas'i has shown thee the
blossom of thy desire, but she breaks her promise in the fruit.
UBVASL
[To Chitkalekka.
Oh, dearest ! while I collect myself from the agitation
of standing so near him, do thou display thyself before him,
and speak out what I approve.
CHITBALEKHi^
[Advancmg towards the king.
May the great King be ever victorious I
KING.
[Starting at her sudden appearance, and in a
courteous tone.
Welcome to your highness ! (He looks at her side, as
32 VIKRAMOBVABT;
for another.) O happy one ! thou dost not now so gladden
my soul, thus coming without that friend of thine, like
Yamund. when parted from Ganga, if we had fii'st seen it
united.
OHlTBAIEKHi.
Do you not first have the line of clouds, and then the
lightning ?
GEACIOBO.
\_Aside.
What is here ? This new comer is not Urvas'i herself,
but she must be her friend.
KING.
Take this seat, I pray.
chitealekhX.
\_Seatmg herself.
Urvas'i pays her obeisance to the King, and sends him
this message
KING.
"What are her commands ?
ohitbalekha!
" In that outrage offered by the Asura, the great King
was my refuge, and now again when I am afflicted so
sorely by the love that the sight of thee hath raised, the
mighty monarch may well pity me again."
KING.
Ah, my friend ! thou tellest that that lovely maiden
sorrows, and seest thou not that Pururavas is feeling the
same pang for her ? Alike is our mutual passion,—oh I
labour thou for us both ; the heated iron must be welded
to the heated iron.
ok, the hero and the nymph, 33
chiteaiekha!
[Beturninff to Ukvasi.
O dearest ! come hither ; I have found your much
dreaded Kama affable enough ; and I am become the
messenger from your beloved.
TJKVASI.
\_Tremhling with sorrow and fear.
Alas ! perfidious ! how lightly hast thou deserted me !
CHITEALEKHA.
[Smiling.
In this very next moment w^e shall know which of us
will desert the other,—only keep up your spirits* meanwhile.
UEVASL
[ Coming forward with mingled fear and shame.
May the great King be ever victorious !
KING.
[Joyfully.
Fairest lady ! victory is already mine, when thy lips
address me with that victorious title, thus transferred from
the thousand-eyed Indra to a mortal
!
\_He seizes her hand, and leads her to a seat.
GEACIOSO.
What are your Highness' manners like ? Is the King's
friend, and he, too, a Brdhman, left unsaluted ?
[Ubvasi sm,iles and hows to him.
* Such is Bopp's translation of the passage, in his Glossarium
Scmscriium, p. 27 : " animus ceqmts, bene eonvpontns."
34 VIKRAMOEVAS'l;
6BACI0S0.
Health to your Highness !
fA Messenger of the Gods behind the scenes :}
Oh Chitralekha ! hasten Urvas'i away, for the
Lord of the Winds, with the Guardians of the earth,
is desirous, to-day, of beholding those dramatic lovescenes,
which the sage Bharata made you skilled to
perform,—those resting-places for the eight feelings
of the soul.
\Theti all listen,—Ubvasi shows distress.
OHITBALEEHA.
Thou hast heard the words of the messenger ; therefore
take thy leave of the great King.
TTEVAsi
\_Sighing.
I have no power of utterance.
OHITEALEK.HA.
mighty monarch ! Urvas'i addresses thee : " We are
subjects," she says, " to the wiU of others ; and I must hid
thee farewell, to avoid offending the Monarch of the Devas."
KING.
[ With difficulty uttering his words.
1 would—^not—interrupt your Lord's commands, but ye
will not forget him whom ye leave behind
!
Uetasi turrts her face, full of sorrow at parting,
towards the King, and exit with her friend.
OK, THE HERO AND THE NTMPH. 36
KING.
[ With a sigh.
Alas ! now all the use of my eyes is gone !
GBACIOSO.
[ Wishing to show the leaf.
But the birch-leaf {he stops in the middle of the
sentence, and adds, confusedly, to himself:) Hem ! what's
this ? While I was gazing in my wonder at the sight of
Urvas'i, that birch-leaf has unawares dropped from my
hand
!
KING.
What were you wishing to say, my friend ?
GEAOIOSO.
This, my lord, was the intended purport of my speech :
let not your Highness be disheartened. Urvas'i' s whole
existence is now fast bound up in your own ; though she
has departed from hence, yet she cannot loosen the chain.
KING.
This very thing dwells in my mind, too ; for methought,
as she withdrew, though she be not under her own control,
yet her free heart, manifest by the heaving of her bosom,
seemed as though lodged within me by her sighs.
GEACIOSO.
Aside.
My heart trembles at the thought, how short the interval
may be ere he drops some mention of the birch leaf
!
KING.
My friend ! with what diversion shall I solace my lovelorn
mind ? (Recollecting siiddenly.) O ! bring me the birchleaf!
•36 VIKBAMOaVAsi-
GBAOIOSO.
{Looking round with a woful countenance.
Ha ! how comes it to be out of sight ? Surely it was
a heavenly birch-leaf, and it must be gone after Urvas'i in
her journey.
KING.
[Reproachfully.
Thou art always a thoughtless idiot
!
GBACIOSO.
Let us look for it. {Rising.) Surely it must be here,
or at any rate there ! {He dances about hither and thither.)
Unter the Qiteen Attsinabi, ivith her Servant and
royal retinue.
QUEEN.
Tell me, NipunikS, ! did you really see the King going
into the creeper-bower, accompanied by M4navaka ?
NIPUNIKA.
Have I ever given your Highness false information
before ?
QT7EEN.
[ Walking round, and looking before her.
O Nipunikd! what is this leaf, like a strip of fresh
bark, which the south wind has blown hither ?
NIPUNIKA.
[^Observing it.
Oh, my lady ! it has letters on it, though I cannot
OR, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 37
distinguish them, from its turning round and round ; but
see ! it is caught in your anklet ; shall I read its contents ?
[Seizing it.
QUEEN.
Look into it first ; I will listen if it contain nothing
unseemly.
nipunika'
[Having done so.
Oh, my lady ! here is that rumour all open now. I
suspect that these are some love-lines from Urvas'i to the
King ; it has, doubtless, fallen into our hands through
Mdnavaka's carelessness.
QUEEN.
Well, seize their meaning.
[ NiPUNiKA reads it.
QUEEN.
Come ! let us go and see our nymph-lover, and take
. this with us as our present.
nipunika'
As your Highness commands.
KING.
O thou divine breeze of Malaya ! friend of the Spring !
bear thou away, for thy perfume, the collected odorous
dust of the flowers of the creepers ; but what hast thou to
do with this stolen letter, which my loved one's affection
hath written ? Thou knowest that those who are pained
with love are sustained by a hundred such pleasures as
these, when their hearts have no hope to rest upon, that
they shall soon attain their desires.
38 VIKRAMOBVAsTi
NIPTJNIKA.
Oh, my mistress ! look—^look ! there is a search going
on for this very birch-leaf of ours.
QtJBEN.
Let us, then, meanwhile, watch him — stand thou by
in silence.
GEACIOSO.
[7b the King.
See ! what is this ? Ah ! I have been deceived by the
tail of a peacock, which shone like a blue lotus in full
blossom.
KING.
Luckless wretch that I am ;—I am on aU sides undone !
QUEEN.
\_Suddenly advancing.
My lord ! you have troubled yourself enough—here is
the birch-leaf
!
KING.
\_In great confusion, and to himself.
What ! the Queen ! fAbashed.) Welcome to your
Highness
!
QUEEN.
It has been " Ul-come" to me, at the present moment.
KING.
\Aside to the Gracioso.
Oh, my friend ! what is to be done ?
OBAOIOSO.
Little, indeed, has the thief to say, when the stolen
goods are the evidence that detects him.
OR, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 39
KING.
It was not this leaf which I sought ; it was the leaf of
a Mantra* for which this search was commenced.
QUEEN.
It is well to conceal one's good fortune.
GEAOIOSO.
Let be—hasten a banquet for him ; he will be well when
his bile is abated.
aUEEN.
See, Nipunikd ! how well the Brdhman counsels his
friend ! what else, indeed, could a sick heart wish for ?
GBACIOSO.
But only consider, how naturally all men are soothed
by a banquet
!
KING.
You fool ! you perforce add to my distress, when I have
already offended too much.
QUEEN.
No, indeed ! it is not your Highness that has offended !
I am the offending party, since I have intruded where my
presence was unwelcome. Nipunikd, let us be gone !
[^She turns angrily away.
KING.
Alas ! I am the guilty ; O fairest one ! be appeased
and relent from thy wrath ; the mistress of the house is
angry, and how can the servant seem faultless ?
\_He falls at her feet.
* A portion of the Vedas.
40 VIKBAMORVASI;
QUEEN.
deceiver ! my heart is not so credulous as to trust in
the homage you offer. I fear you when you are so kind
and penitent.
NIPTJNIKA.
Will your Highness walk this way ?
[7%e Queen leaves the King and exit with her retinue.
GEACIOSO.
The Queen has departed, troubled, like a rain-swollen
torrent ! Rise, therefore, rise !
KING.
Oh, my friend ! it has failed—only see ; a lover's salutation,
with words of affection, but without affection itself,
enters not the skilled woman's heart, like the gem that has
only factitious colours.
GBAOIOSO.
Your Highness' words are kind ; but the opthalmic
patient cannot endure the light of the lamp immediately in
front of him.
KING.
Oh, speak not thus ;^though my heart be with Urvas'l,
yet I still feel a deep respect for the Queen ; but since she
has rejected my salutation, I will arm myself with firmness
against her.
GEACIOSO.
Well ! let the conversation about her stand still awhile ;
I am dying with hunger, and it is for your Highness to keep
me alive. Lo ! it is time to bathe and to dine !
OR, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 41
KING.
[Looking upward.
What! is the half of the day already gone? It is for
this, then, that the peacock, oppressed with the heat, now
sits in the cool basin at the foot of the tree ; the bees have
penetrated the blossoms of the Karnikara, and are slumbering
there ; leaving the heated water, the waterfowl repairs to the
lotus-bed by the shore ; and the wearied parrot begs for
water in that house of his sports—his cage !*
\_Exeunt.
* This line seems literally, "The cage-parrot, inhabiting his house
of sports."
END OF THE SECOND ACT.
42 VlKKAMOEVAil;
ACT III.
Enter Two Disciples of Bhakata.
FIEST DISCIPLE.
Oh, my friend Pailava, when our preceptor -went from
the cell of the holy fire to great Indra's palace, he bade you
take a seat with him in his chariot, while I was left behind
to guard the cell ; I would, therefore, now ask you—was the
heavenly audience pleased or not with our Guru's dramatic
performance ?
SECOND DISCIPLE.
How much it was pleased, I know not ; but most
assuredly during the performance of the play, " The Choice
of Lakshmt" which Saraswati herself had composed, Urvas'i
wholly lost herself in some of the impassioned parts !
riEST DISCIPLE.
There was a fault manifest—this is what you were going
to say.
SECOND DISCIPLE.
Yes, indeed ! she actually broke down in her part.
EIUST DISCIPLE.
How so ?
SECOND DISCIPLE.
Urvas'i sustained the part of Lakshmi, and on her being
addressed by Menak&, who played in the character of
OE, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 43
Varuni :—" The guardian spirits of the three worlds, with
Kes'ava, are assembled together,—on whom is thy heart
fixed?"
PIEST DISCIPLE.
And what then ?
SECOND DISCIPLE.
She ought to have answered, " On Purushottama " but,
" On Pururavas " escaped from her lips, instead.
FIRST DISCIPLE.
Ah ! our organs of intellect are obedient to destiny ! But
was not the sage angry with her ?
SECOND DISCIPLE.
Our preceptor cursed her, but Indra showed favour to
her.
FIEST DISCIPLE,
How SO ?
SECOND DISCIPLE.
" Forasmuch as thou hast gone counter to my instructions,
therefore shall thy heavenly knowledge utterly fail."
Such was the preceptor's ban. However, when Indra saw
poor Urvas'i standing with her face bent down in utter
shame, he thus spoke to her,—" To him, the holy King,
in whom thy being is bound up, I owe gratitude as having
been my ally in battle ; therefore dwell thou with Pururavas,
as thou desirest, until that he has oiTspring from thee."
FIEST DISCIPLE.
The speech was worthy of great Indra, who knows the
heart's inmost thoughts.
44 vikeamobvaIi;
second disciple.
\LooTdng at the sun.
In our eager discourse we have transgressed the hour
of ahlution ; let us, therefore, hasten to our preceptor's side.
\_Exeunt.
END 01' THE TISHKAMBHAKA.
Entei- the Chambeklain.
CHAMBBBIAIN.
Every father of a family strives in the proper time of life
to attain wealth, hut afterwards his sons relieve him of his
burden, and he betakes himself to rest ; but ours has been
a growing old which day by day impairs our standing in life,
until our very voice be changed from the sorrow of the servitude
! 'Tis a tiresome business—this charge over women
!
I have received the following commission from her Highness,
the daughter of the King of Kds'i, who has undertaken
a vow :—" Go," she says, " and carry my former message
again to the King, in which I dismissed my pride, and
begged him, by the mouth of Nipunikd, to come to the
completion of my vow." I will see the King when he has
completed the evening ceremonies. (He walks round and
looks.J Sweet are the tidings of the close of day to the
palace ! The peacocks sit strewn on their poles lazy with
sleep ; the doves, as they fly to their turret tops, can scarce
be distinguished from the fumes of incense which escape
from the windows ; and the old men of the seraglio.
OE, THE HEllO AND THE NYMPH. 45
engaged in their duties, are distributing the lighted lamps
for the evening rites on the spots decked with offerings
of flowers. {Looking.) Ah ! here comes his Majesty !
Lo ! yonder he shines, surrounded by the torches in the
hands of the maidens who attend him,—like a moving
mountain, whose wings have not been cut off,* with a
garland of the Karnikara in full bloom, hung along its
sides ! I will watch and keep him in view.
Enter the King, as described, with his retinue and the
Gkacioso.
KING.
[To himself.
My sorrows have been lost in occupation, and I have
thus managed without extreme difilculty to wile away the
day ; but how shall I ever pass the night with no diversion
to break the long monotony of its watches?
OHAMBEBLAIN.
\_Advancing.
May the King be ever victorious ! The Queen sends
this message to your Majesty :—" The moon is beautiful
behind the Palace of the Gem ; there let your Highness
stay awhile, and watch until the moon enters its asterism
Rohini."
* Such is the explanation of apaksJiasdddt, given by the Scholiast,
as quoted in Lenz' Appendix, p. 18. The wings of the mountains are
the clouds ; they are said to have been cut off by Indra. See
Meghaduta (Wilson), p. 7.
46 VIKBAMOEVASl";
KING.
Tell the Queen that it shall be as she desires,
\_Exit Chambeklain, promising compliance.
KING.
[To the Geacioso.
Oh, my friend ! is this undertaking of the Queen's really
on account of a vow ?
geacioso.
I conjecture that her Highness feels some compunction,
and now desires, under the pretext of this vow, to efface
her scornful rejection of your salutation.
KING.
You speak plausibly. Wise women, when they have
rejected kind greetings, on second thoughts feel remorse,
and they distress themselves with various expedients to
to pacify their beloved. Come, show the way behind the
Palace of the Gem.
GBACIOSO.
This way, this way ; let your Highness ascend by this
staircase of crystal, cold with Ganga's spray ; the Palace
of the Gem is lovely at every season.
\_The King and all ascend.
GEACIOSO.
\_Looking.
The moon must be close at hand, for the eastern quarter
is escaping from darkness, and assuming a reddening hue.
KING.
You think rightly. The darkness is scattered further
and further by the rays of the moon, though still hidden
OR, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 47
below the horizon ; and Indra's* quarter gladdens my eyes
as though it were a human countenance parting the locks
from its forehead.
GEAOIOSO.
O see ! O see ! The lord of the Oshad'i plantsf is now
risen—bright, like granulated sugar !
\
KING.
[Smiling.
The objects of the glutton are always something eatable!
(Folding his hands and bowing.J O divine Monarch of the
stars ! thou that bringest light to the rites of the good,
and gladdenest the manes and the Suras with ambrosia,
and dispellest the shadows that gather in the night,—O thou
that art set on Siva's crest,—Hail to thee ! all Hail
!
GEAOIOSO.
By a sign declared to a Brdhman like me, I know that
your grandfather^ has favourably dismissed you ; be seated,
I pray ; I shall then sit happily too.
* Indra's quarter is the East. Wilson only gives Garuda as the
meaning of harivdhana. Bopp, in his Glossary, translates it Indra, i.e.,
flavos egwos hahens, and so, too, the Scholiast, The word rendered
horizon, in the previous sentence, properly means the eastern mountain
behind which the sun and moon are supposed to rise.
t " IdUeralement, 'Le maitre desherbes, leroi de la vegetation.'"
—Chezt. Compare Deuteronomy xxxiii., 14, "The precious things
put forth by the moon.''
t Pururavas was of the Lunar race. The moon, in Sanscrit, is
masculine.
48 VIKEAMORVASI;
[^Aceeptinff Ms invitation and loohing round
on his attendants.
Our lamps are superfluous and lost in the moonlight ; ye
can retire to rest.
ATTENDANTS.
As the King commands. [Exeunt.
KING.
[Tb the Gkacioso, and looking at the Moon.
Yet a moment, my friend, and her Highness will he
here ; while we are still alone, I will teU thee my present
state,
GEACIOSO.
Ah ! no Urvas'i is visible here ; but since we have
witnessed her reciprocal affection, you may well support
yourself by hope.
KING.
It is so ; great, indeed is the anguish of my soul ; but
—like a river's current, whose dashing stream is hemmed
in by rugged rocks, so — though the joy of union be
obstructed,—my love still bounds onwards, following its
native impulse.
GEACIOSO.
Inasmuch as you are still so handsome, for all that
your limbs are so wasted,—I foresee therefrom a speedy
meeting with the nymphs.
OB, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. '49
KING.
\_As though hailing an omen.
My right arm comforts me, in my heavy sorrow, with
its throbbings, just as you have done with your hopeinsph'ing
words.
GEACIOSO.
A Brahman's words are never other than true.
[2%e King sits, with a hopeful looh, and then
enters in the air Ubvasi, in a gala dress,^ attended
by Chitealekha.
UEVAsi.''
[Looking at herself.
Dear friend ! this dress of mine, decorated with pearl
ornaments, and trimmed with sapphires, pleases my heart.
OHITEALEKHA.
Words cannot praise it enough ; I can only think,
" Would that I were Pururavas !
"
UEVAS'I,'
Alas ! I have no power in myself; do you, with all
speed, bring him here, or take me to his dwelling.
OHITEALEKHA.
We are come to the glorious palace of your beloved, like
the peak of Kaildsa reflected in the dark Yamuna's waters.f
UEVASir
Put forth your heavenly power and learn where is the
King who hath stolen my heart away, and on what he is
engaged ?
" lAterally. 'Dressed as a woman who goes to meet her lover.'
t Compare MeghaMta, Sloke 53.
K
50 VIKRAMOEVASI:
chitkalekh£
^To herself.
Well stay—I will jest with her awhile. (AloudJ. I see
him, dearest ; he is standing yonder at a time fit for enjoyment,
enjoying the pleasure of the desired society of a friend.
UEVASJ.
Away! my heart will not believe it. O dear Chitralekhd!
you have got something in your head when you speak thus.
Surely it is only the society of that friend who was with him
before,* when he carried off my heart as I left.
OHITEALEKHA.
\_LooMjtg.
Behold the holy monarch himself, alone with his friend
in the Palace of the Gem. Let us approach him.
[They descend.
KING.
[To the Gkacioso.
Oh, my friend ! the pain of love increases with the
night.
UEVASI.
[To Chitealekha-
My heart trembles at these ambiguous words. Let us
remain unseen, and listen to his conversation, until our
uncertainties are dispelled.
CHlTEALEKHi.
As you please.
GEAOIOSO.
You should enjoy the ambrosia-laden moonbeams.
* " Coram hoc ipso amioali. guem dids, comenfu seilieei cor mihi
ah illo rapielatur."—^Lenz.
OB, THE HBKO AND THE NYMPH. 51
KING.
Oh, my friend ! this sickness is not to be cured with
such means as these ; 'tis not the fresh couch of flowers,
nor the moonbeams, nor the unguent of sandal poured over
all the body, nor strings of pearls ;—she, the heavenly
maiden, alone can drive my love-melancholy away, or only
secret converse, flying to her as its subject, can lighten my
heart.
UBVA^ir
Oh, my heart ! this is the fruit thou hast gained for
having left me and flown hither
!
GEACIOSO.
Ah ! I also, when I cannot obtain curds and sugar or
sugar-cane, make myself happy with thinking about it.
KING.
You, however, soon find i/our desires !
GBACIOSO.
And you, too, ere long shall obtain her.'
KING.
My friend, this is what I think
chitbalekh£
Listen ! O discontented one !
GBAOIOBO.
What is it ?
KING.
[7b Ukvasi.
This limb, which was pressed by hers, in the shaking
of the chariot, alone of all my limbs retains its power to act
;
the rest of my body is but a dead weight on the earth.
52 VIKEAMORVASI
;
UBVASI.^
Why should I longer delay? {Approaching hurriedly.)
O dear Chitralekha ! alas ! the King regards me not, even
though I stand in his presence.
CHITEALEKHA^
ySmtling.
Oh, impatient one ! thou hast not thrown off thy veil.
A VOICE BEHIND THE SCENES.
" This way, O Queen !"
\_All listen. Uktasi and her friend look dismayed.
GEACIOSO.
\jSurprised.
Good heavens ! the Queen approaches ; put a seal on
thy lips.
KING.
Do you, too, sit with your face's expression veiled.
TIEVASI.
Oh, my friend ! what is to be done ?
CHITEALEKHA.
Cease this alarm, thou art still invisible ; the Queen
is seen here in fulfilment of a vow ; she will not stay long.
Enter the Queen, with her Attendants, hearing gifts.
QUEEN.
[^Looking at the moon.
Still fairer seems the moon from its meeting with its
asterism Rohini.
FEMALE SERVANT.
Thus, too, will there be increased splendour to the King
when your Highness has joined him.
[2'i^ey tvalf; round.
Oa, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 53
GEACIOSO.
[To the King.
Ah. ! now I understand it all ; she comes to offer the
swastivdchana, or else she has dismissed her wrath against
you,* under the pretext of a vow to the moon ; to my eyes,
her Highness looks very beautiful to-day.
KING.
[^Smilinc/.
In either case your last remark appears to me true, for
her Highness with her white garments, and adorned only
with white mangalaf flowers, and her forehead decked
with the stalks of the striped durhd grass, seems, indeed,
now fully appeased, and her form has dismissed all its
haughtiness under the pretext of her vow.
QUEEN.
[_Advancinff.
May the son of a noble father^ be ever victorious !
ATTENDANTS.
May our Lord be victorious !
GEACIOSO.
Health to your Highness !
KING.
"Welcome, O goddess !
[^He seizes her hand and leads her to a seat.
* The Scholiast explains thamantam antarena, b^ hhavantmn wddis'ya.
t Fcmicum dactylon.
% i.e., in theatrical language, a husband.
54 VIKRAMOEVAil;
Well may she be addressed with the title of goddess
;
she yields not even to Sachi in beauty.
CHITBALEKHA.
What ! can you talk of a rival's face ?
QUEEN.
I have to accomplish a certain vow under your Highness'
auspices; I pray you bear with the inconvenience a moment.
KING.
O MSnavaka ! the inconvenience is a favour.
GBACIOSO.
Would that I might often have such inconvenience as
this, while performing the rites of the swastivdchana.
KING.
Under what name is your Highness' vow ?
[The Queen looks at Nipunika.
NIPTJNIKA.
It is called " The Conciliation of a Husband's regard."
KING.
[Looking at the Queen.
O virtuous one ! with this vow night and day you weary
your body, tender as a lotus-stalk ; why is your slave to
be thus conciliated, who himself is pining with desire for
your favour ? ,
[ With a forced smile.
What a great respect he has for her !
OB, THE HEEO AND THE NYMPH. 55
CHITBALEKHA.
Hush, O foolish one ! courtiers flatter most when their
hearts are elsewhere.
QUEEN.
It is all through the efficacy of this vow that my husband
is so touched.
GEACIOSO.
[To Me King.
Be still, my Lord ! it is not seemly to contradict the
words of our friends.
QTIEEN.
Maidens ! bring hither the gifts, that I may pay my
homage to the moonbeams, as they fall on the palace.
ATTENBANTS.
As the Queen commands. Here are the gifts !
QUEEN.
Present them. ^She worships the moonbeams, with
offerings of flowers, etc.) Honour also with these sweetmeats
the venerable Minavaka and the Chamberlain.
ATTENDANTS.
As the Queen commands. O venerable Manavaka !
these propitiatory gifts are for thee.
GEACIOSO.
\_Taking the dish.
Prosperity to your Highness ! may your vow be very
successful.
nipunika'T
And these are for thee, O venerable Chamberlain !
[Taking them.
56 VIKEAMORVAST;
CHAMBEBIAIN,
Prosperity to j'our Highness !
Q-UBEN,
Come hither, my Lord, for a moment.
KING.
Here I am.
QUEEN.
\JFolding her hands, in token of homage
to the King, and bowing.
Having called to witness yonder twins of heaven, the
Moon and Rohini, I thus conciliate my husband,—Whosoever
she be, whom my lord loves, and who herseK desires
my lord's society, with her henceforth shall he dwell without
let or hindrance from me !
uuvas'l
Wonderful, indeed ! I know not what more she will say
;
but my heart is now brightened with confidence.
chitbalekhaI
O dearest ! thy union with thy beloved has been consented
to by the noble Queen, faithful to her husband, and it will
now meet with no obstacle.
GEAOIOSO.
When a man has his hands cut oflF, and the culprit
flies before him, no wonder if he says, " Go ! go ! you shall
OR. THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 57
this time have impunity !"* (Aloud.J Has the King, then,
neglected your Highness lately ?
QUEEN.
Fool ! I desire my Lord's happiness, even though it he
hy the end of my own. Judge hence, then, if he be dear
to me or not.
KING.
O jealous one ! thou hast all power over me to give me
to another, or keep me as thy slave ; but, indeed, timid one,
my love towards thee is not as thou suspectest.
QUEEN.
Well, let it be ! The vow of conciliation has been
fulfilled, as prescribed. Come, my attendants, let us depart.
KING.
You will not leave me reconciled, if you depart so soon.
QUEEN.
My lord ! the sanctity of the vow is now inviolate.
\_Exit with her train.
UEVAsi.
The King seems to love her, yet I cannot call back my
heart.
CHITRALEKHA.
How, indeed, can hope so firm as your's be called back ?
* This is Lenz's translation. Professor Wilson gives it very differently,
" The culprit that escapes before his hand is out off, determines
never to run such a risk again."
I
58 VIKBAMOEVASI;
KING.
\^Returning to his seat.
My friend ! is her Highness far away ?
GBACIOSO.
Say freely what you wish. She has soon left you as
a doctor leaves his sick patient, having decided that he is
incurable.
KING.
Oh ! would that Urvas'i. . .
.
UEVASI.
[To herself.
To-day he will attain his desire.
KING.
....Might but secretly let fall in my ear the sweet
sound of her anklets, or, softly stealing behind me, might
cover my eyes with her lotus hand ! Oh ! would that she
might descend in this palace, and while lingering, delayed
through fear, be perforce led towards me, step by step, by
her dexterous friend
!
OHITBALEKHA.
dear TJrvas'i ! pray now fulfil this desire of his.
URVA^li
[^Timidly.
1 will sport with him a moment.
[_She steps behind him and covers his eyes, while
Chitralekha makes the Gracioso
conscious of it.
OR, THE HEEO AND THE NTMPH. 59
KING.
[Starting at the touch.
My friend ! is not the fair thigh-born daughter of
Ndrdyana here ?
GEACIOSO.
How does your Highness know it ?
KING.
What else can it be ? How otherwise, from this touch,
should I feel a thrill through each hair of my body ? The
lotus opens not at the sun's beams, as at the moon's.
URVASL
Strange to say ! both my hands are fixed as with
adamantine glue. I cannot draw them away! fShe half-closes
her eyes, and having taken her hands away, stands frightened.
She slowly advances.) May the King be victorious !
chitealekhaI
All joy to thee, my brother !*
KING.
It has already come.
UEVASL
O Chitralekhd ! the Queen has given him to me ; therefore,
as loving him, I approach his person. Oh ! I beseech
you, think not that I claimed him before my right.
GBAOIOSO.
What ! were you here when the sun set ?f
* Such seems the force of •oayasya here. See iJenz, note 77.
t i.e., and heard the Queen's words.
60 VIKRAMORVASI
,
KING.
\Looking on Urvasi-
If the gift of the Queen is the claim you put in for
my person, by whose consent, then, did you steal away my
heart before ?
chitealekhI.
King! she hath nothing to reply. Let my words
now, I pray you, be heard.
KING.
1 am attentive.
CHITEALEKHA.
Immediately after the Spring, through the hot season,
I am required in attendance on the Sun ; I beseech my
brother, therefore, to take all care that my loved companion
may never the while regret the Swarga she hath left.
GEAOIOSO.
What, in sooth, is there in Swarga, to be remembered
? There it is neither eaten nor drunken, but they are
only intent upon being like fishes—with unwinking eyes
!
KING.
Oh, my friend ! how shall she be ever made to forget
Swarga, with its indescribable joys? But be assured
that Pururavas will be her slave, and no other woman shall
share him.
ohitralekhI.
I am, indeed, favoured. Dear UrvaS'l ! be of good cheer,
and bid me farewell.
OR. THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 61
TIUVASY
[In a sad voice emhracing her.
Dearest ! thou wilt not forget me ?
CHITEALEKHA.
[Smiling.
It is you that ought to be asked that question by me,
now that you are united to your beloved.
[She lows to the King, and exit.
GEAOIOSO.
Joy ! joy ! may your Highness be blessed with the
fulfilment of his desires !
KING.
Behold, this is the fulfilment! When I attained the
empire of the world, with its one canopy,* and its footstool
gorgeous with the gems of the diadems of neighbouring
kings, yet was I not so blessed as I am this day, when the
dear right is mine of doing her commands as a slave at
her feet
!
URVASL
I have no power of speech to say more.
KING.
[Having taken hold of her.
Oh, how void of all obstacle is this present fulness of
possession of my desires ! These moonbeams verily gladden
* Literally. ' With one umbrella.'
62 VIKEAMOEVASI;
my body; love's arrows themselves are propitious to my
heart, and all that erst seemed stem with wrath, oh,
loveliest lady ! is reconciled to me through my union
with thee.
I have erred against my King in tan-ying so long.
KING.
Oh, lovely one ! say not so. That which seemed
sorrow "while it was near, after the interval of a year is
joy; the shadow of the tree is most a rest to him who
hath been scorched by the noon.
GBACIOSO.
Noble lady ! we have enjoyed the moonbeams, so
delicious at evening. It is time for thee to enter thy
home.
KING.
Do thou, therefore, shew the way to thy new friend.
GBACIOSO.
This way, your Highness.
\_He walks romid.
KING.
Oh, lovely one ! this is now my desire ....
URVAsf.
What is it?
OE, THE HERO AND THE NYMPH. 63
KING.
Before, when the object of ray love was unattained, the
night passed as if lengthened an hundred-fold. Oh, happy
indeed shall I be, maiden with the fair brow, if it passes
at the same rate now thou art here !
l^Exeunt.
END OP THE THIKD ACT.







Om Tat Sat

(Continued ..)



(My humble salutations to Kavikula Guruh Kalidasa and  greatfulness to Sreeman C H Tawney
 for the collection)

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